2022年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务真题

英译汉1：

The labor force is the total number of people (aged sixteen and older) employed and the unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force unemployed but lacking for work. The unemployment rate is a fungible item. Previously, the government gauged unemployment by the number of people who field unemployment claims in a given month. However, because many people who are or become unemployed by the technical definition--that is, they are looking for work--don't qualify for unemployment benefits, the result was a serious undercounting of the unemployed. Now the United States relies on the monthly Current Population Survey from the Commerce Department, which provides a more comprehensive set of numbers based on household polls.

Note that to be officially unemployed, a worker must be seeking employment. People without jobs who aren't looking for work because they don't think any exists have, in effect, dropped out of the labor force and become discouraged workers (EGI) .

The labor force participation (LFP) rate can be revealing. It is the percentage of the total working-age population that is in the labor force.

In other words, the LFP rate is the relationship between who is eligible to work and who actually is working. Broken down demographically, variations in the LFP rate may offer clues to stories about social trends.

As of the mid-1990s, the entry of women into the labor force in large numbers was probably the most significant economic shift of the post-World Warll period. But in the latter part of the decade, participation by women leveled off and dropped in some sectors. Why this occurred is no clear; a natural leveling off does not seem to account for the change.More research, particularly into both women and men's changing relationships to work, is needed. Interested reporters should find and bond with social scientists who study the workplace.

Economists talk about different types of unemployment: frictional, structural, and cyclical. The frictionally unemployment are people who haven't had time to find a job yet because they are new to the labor force or are between jobs. Structural unemployment is a result of deep changes in the economy.Technological change may make some occupations obsolete. When people began driving cars instead of horses and buggies, a blacksmith's skills were no longer necessary.The process by which jobs evolve and fade away as the skills they use become obsolete is called churning. Structural unemployment may also result from changes in international markets as lower-paid foreign labor force becomes available to do work that previously went to higher-paid domestic workers. In the last two decades workers in many importantAmerican industries, such as steel and textiles, have lost jobs to lower-paid workers in developing countries.

英译汉2：

A global health crisis of the magnitude we are experiencing has not struck the international community for over a century. In this unprecedented crisis, all countries and all areas of our daily life are profoundly affected and in disarray. The sole weapon we currently possess against the virus is to constrain human contact as far as possible, and social distancing has become an important containment measure.

As a result, the world has come to a near standstill. From local transport to global supply chains,nothing has been spared. In urban traffic and on global trade routes, bustling movement has given way to a weird calm. Activity in the aviation sector has fallen by 90 percent; car sales have slumped by the same order of magnitude in some countries.The transport sector finds itself in a totally unprecedented situation. As a result of the restrictions in place around the world, its main function of facilitating social interaction has now come to a halt.

At the same time, it must continue to function where moving people and goods is an imperative, not a choice. Doctors and nurses must be able to get to work. Hospitals must be able to receive the supplies they need.Confined citizens rely on provisions being delivered to shops. Not least, international supply chains must continue to move as seamlessly as possible to keep the inevitable economic impact as limited as possible.Never before have world leaders put such constraints on the movement of people and goods.

Already we can see that, as terrible as the crisis is, it brings out the best in many. It is also a reminder of three essential factors for a successful recovery. First, we will overcome the crisis more quickly and effectively if we work together across existing divides, of whatever sort they may be. The example of companies from very different fields teaming up to build breathing aides together is a very practical example.

Second, expertise and evidence-based decisions count and make all the difference.We will hardly beat the virus and resurrect our economies based on guesswork and gut feelings. The sharing of private sector mobility data with governments to help contain COVID-19 infections is a shining example.

Third, while we deal with the crisis in the most effective way, we must start to think about the future and plan for the post-pandemic age.The world after the coronavirus crisis will no longer be the same.Many profound changes will be forced upon us. We do have the knowledge and the tools to shape them, and to seek out the opportunities in this epochal transformation, but we must make the right choices.

汉译英1：

在新冠疫情全球蔓延的困难时刻，东亚国家选择开放合作，签署了 RCEP，给区域经济复苏注入新的动能。RCEP的签署，将进一步促进东亚地区的贸易和投资，加强区域产业链、供应链合作，实现地区国家优势互补，互惠互利。

作为东亚经济增长的主要引擎，中国率先控制疫情并实现经济复苏，助力地区国家应对疫情冲击，贯彻新的发展理念，推动高质量发展，加快构建新发展格局，在坚持扩大内需的同时，推进高水平对外开放，充分彰显中国支持贸易自由化、主动向世界开放市场的大国担当。

中国积极参与 RCEP谈判，并在此过程中发挥了不可或缺的作用。中方将一如既往支持东盟发挥主导作用，同各方合作做好 RCEP 实施工作，使成果更早惠及地区企业和民众。

RCEP的签署是各方8年努力磋商的结果，也是深化东亚区域经济合作的新起点。各方通过相互合作，促进疫后经济复苏，造福地区国家和人民，为构建开放型世界经济作出积极贡献。

汉译英 2：

职业教育，是国民教育体系和人力资源开发的重要组成部分，是广大青年打开通往成功成才大门的重要途径。职业教育已为各行各业累计培养输送 2亿多高素质劳动者。我国经济持续快速发展，职业教育功不可没。

2019年1月，国务院颁发了《国家职业教育改革实施方案》（the Implementation Plan for the Reform of the National Polytechnic Education）（以下简称“方案”。）明确指出，职业教育与普通教育是两种不同教育类型，具有同等重要地位，但“方案”颁布以来，我国职业教育改革走上了快速发展的道路。

天津尝试构建职业教育与普通教育互补的现代职业教育体系，首批599名职业教育本科生已经毕业，学生就业率远高于普通本科，就职领域集中于战略新兴产业和高端制造业。

在西藏，职教扶贫工作取得新突破。西藏职业技术学院毕业生就业率从2018年的70%跃升到95.17%，充分证明了“职业扶贫”政策是成功的。

但目前来说，相对于普通高等教育，职业教育仍是我国教育领域的短板。数据显示，我国技能人才已超过2亿，占就业总量的26%。然而高等技能人才仅有5000万人，占技能人才总量的28%。在一些人心中，职业教育“低人一等”。职业教育认可度和吸引力有待增强。为此，我们必须提高技能人才待遇，畅通职业发展通道。